... : , , : , , . ., . . . 12 ObeUa loveni ( 0,5 / ). , . , (Karbe, 1972; Stebbing, 1980a, 1981), (Stebbing, 1980b). , , , . (, , 1987). Obelia. loveni (Allm., 1859) . flexuosa (Hincks, 1861), 0. geniculata (L., 1758), , . 12 , . , , , . loveni. , ( 14 18). , Clava multicornis (Forskal, 1775) Coryne tubulosa (M. Sars, 1835), Athecata. , ( 22 ) : . longissima (Pallas, 1766), 0. loveni, 0. flexuosa, Dynamena pumila (L., 1758) Sertulariidae Thecaphora. , . loveni () (). , , , . . ( ., 1984). , . (, , 1986; , , 1987). ( ). 30 , , 100. (200 400 ) , . , . ( 2 ) , . 1 2 . , , 2 20%, 6 80% (Baier et al., 1975). . (, 1980). : , , 1984 1985 . . (. ). 1. Clava multicornis (Forskal, 1776) Coryne tubulosa (M. Sars, 1835) ( Athecata). Athecata , Thecaphora. , Clava multicornis, , , 10,0, 5,0 2,5 / 39 ( ). Coryne tubulosa, (18) , 20 . , . 1,0 /. 2,5 / , , . . (. ). 3,0 / , 2 . , ; Coryne tubulosa, Obelia flexuosa, ?Obelia geniculata ?Obelia loveni, /; 2,5 / (2), 1,0 (3), 0,5 (4), 0,25 / (5) 2. ObeUa ( Thecaphora) . , , , (18) 6 , . (1522 ). 1,0 / , , 1012 (, ). 2 / 2 . 0,5 / Obelia flexuosa Obelia longissim , (, , 5), . loveni (, ), . 0,25 / . loveni , . , , 1,0 / (18) (. , ), , , (20 ). 3. Dynamena pumila ( Thecaphora). D. pumila , , , . , , 23 3,0 2,5 / 20 1 /. 6 , , 18 , 2,5 /. 1 (%) Obelia loveni 18 (*) (**) . 19% 9599,9%. , 4. . . loveni () (), ( ). , . , . loveni . ( 1718) . (, 1980) (. 1, ). , 12 , . . , (. 1, ). . ( 14 18). , . loveni, , , 2,0 /, 18 1822 . , 1,0 /, 1822 , (. 1). 4346 , . , 2 . (0,5 /) 1822 , (), . . 2 , , . 2 (%) Obelia loveni, , * 95%. ** , =99,0%. . 18 22 . 14,5 . , . , , , . , . , , , . , . , , . 5. . , : (Kinne, Paffenhofer, 1966; Tusov, Davis, 1971; , 1980), (Crowell, 1953) (Crowell, 1957) , (Wyttenbach, 1974) . . , (. 2). . loveni, , 22,0. 0,25 /. 18 ( ) 14,5 () 0,5 1,0 / (. 2). . (Karbe, 1972). Eirene viridula Eschscholtz, 1829, . Campanulinidae, Thecaphora, , 1,53,0 /. (Stebbing, 1976, 1979, 1980b; Stebbing, SantiagoFandino, 1983) . Obelia flexuosa (Hincks, 1861) . Campanulariidae, Thecaphora, , 0,05 /, 0,5 /. , , ( ), , . (0,1 / 0,05 / ) (Stebbing, 1980a, 1981). , , , (Stebbing, 1982). , (Stebbing et al., 1983). . . , . 1,0 / , . . ( 11 ) , (Stebbing, SantiagoFandino, 1983). , . . , , Obelia loveni 10 / (, , 1987). , (, 1982), , , , , 12 . . . (Thatcher, 1903; Huxley, DeBeer, 1923) , . . geniculata , , , . , . , . (Fulton, 1960), , (Crowell, 1953) , , () . , , , . . , . , .. (, , 1987) , Obelia . lovni. , , , . loveni. , , . , . , , , , . , , (, 1980). , , . , , , . , , . , . , . , , , . 20 20 , , . , , 1 . 20 . , , . . 12 , . 2 . , . . , , . . 1 , ., , , . . . // . .: , 1980. . 16. . ., . ? . . . Dynamena pumiia (L.) //. , . . . . 1984. 1. . 102. . . ., , . Obelia loveni Obelia fls//. . . . 1986. 2. . 230237. . . ., 11. . //. . . . , 1987, 1, . 7173 . . . .: . , 1980. . 104, 271. . . Dynamena pumiia (L.) //. . 1980. . 255. 1.. 253. , . . // . .: , 1982. . 7.. 62. Baier R. W. Wojnowich G., Petrie L. Mercury loss from culture media//Analyt. Chem. 1975. V. 45. P. 2464. Crowell S. The regressionreplacement cycle of hydranths of Obelia and Campanularia//Physiol. Zool. 1953. V. 26. 4. . 319. Baier R. W., Wojnowich G., Petrie L. Mercury loss from culture media//Analyt. Chem. 1975. V. 45. P. 2464. Crowell S. The regressionreplacement cycle of hydranths of Obelia and Campanularia//Physiol. Zool. 1953. V. 26. 4. . 319. Crowell S. Differential responses of growth zones to nutritive level, age, and temperature in the colonial hydroid Campanularia//J. Expti Zool. 1957. V. 134. P. 63. Fulton . Culture of a colonial hydroid under controlled conditions//Scicnce. 1960,V. 132. P. 473. Huxley !. S. DeBeer G. R. Studies in dedifferentiation. IV. Resorption and differential inhibition in Obelia and Campanularia//J. Microscop. Sci. 1923. V. 67. P. 473. K.arhe L. Marine Hydroiden als Testorganismen zur Prufung der Toxizitat von Abwasserstoffen. Die wirkung von Schwermetallen auf Kolonien von Eirene viridula//Marine Biol. 1972. , 12. 4. S. 316. Kinne 0., Paffenhoger G. A. Growth and reproduction as a function of temperature and salinity in Clava multicornis (Cnidaria, Hydro2oa)//Helgolander wiss. Meeres. 1966.. 13. 12. S. 62. Stebbing A, R. D. The effect of low metal levels on a clonal hydroid//J. mar. biol. Ass.U. K. 1976. V. 56. P. 977. Stebbing A. R. D. As experimental approach to the determinants of biological water quality//Phi!os. Trans. Roy. Soc. London. 1979. V. 286. P. 465. Stebbing A. R. D. Increase in gonozooid frequency and adaptive response to stress in Campanularia flexuosa. In: Developmental and cellular biology of coelenterates/' Eds Tardent P., Tardent R Amsterdam: Elsevier, 1980a. P. 27. Stebbing A. R. D. The biological measurement of water quality //Rapp. P.v. ReunCons. int. Exolor. Mer. 1980b. V. 179. P. 310. Sfebbing A. R. D. Hormesisstimulation of colony growth in Campanularia flexuosa' (Hydrozoa) by copper, cadmium and other toxicants//Aquatic Toxicol. 1981. V 1. P. 227. Stebbing A. R. D. Hormesisthe stimulation oi growth by low levels of inhibitors//Scitotal environment. 1982. V. 22. P. 213. Stebbing A. R. D., Cleary J. S Brinsley M Goodchild C., Santiago Fandino V. Responses of a hydroid to surface water samples from the river Tamar and Plymouth sound in relation to metal concentration s/'/J. mar. biol. Ass. U. K. 1983. V. 63. 4. . 695. Sfebbing A. R. D SantiagoFandino V. G. R. The combined and separate effect of copper and cadmium on the growth of Campanularia flexuosa (Hydrozoa) colonies// Aquatic Toxicol. 1983. V. 3. P. 183. Thuicher H. F. Absorption of the hydranth in hydroid polyps//Biol. Bull. 1903. V. 5. 2. . 295. Tusov J; Davis L. V. Influence of environmental factors on the growth of Bougainvillia. sp.//Exptl Coelenterate Biol./Eds Lenhoff H. M., Muscatine L., Davis L. V. Honolulu. 1971. P. 54. Wyttenbach C. R. Cell movements associated with terminal growth in colonial hydroids//Amer. Zool. 1974, V. 14. 2. . 699. http://soil.msu.ru/
. ., . .
. 12 ObeUa loveni ( 0,5 / ). , .
, (Karbe, 1972; Stebbing, 1980a, 1981), (Stebbing, 1980b). , , , .
(, , 1987). Obelia. loveni (Allm., 1859) . flexuosa (Hincks, 1861), 0. geniculata (L., 1758), , . 12 , . , , , . loveni. , ( 14 18).
, Clava multicornis (Forskal, 1775) Coryne tubulosa (M. Sars, 1835), Athecata.
, ( 22 ) : . longissima (Pallas, 1766), 0. loveni, 0. flexuosa, Dynamena pumila (L., 1758) Sertulariidae Thecaphora.
, . loveni () ().
, , , .
. ( ., 1984). , . (, , 1986; , , 1987). ( ). 30 , , 100. (200 400 ) , . , . ( 2 ) , . 1 2 . , , 2 20%, 6 80% (Baier et al., 1975). .
(, 1980).
: , , 1984 1985 . . (. ).
1. Clava multicornis (Forskal, 1776) Coryne tubulosa (M. Sars, 1835) ( Athecata). Athecata , Thecaphora. , Clava multicornis, , , 10,0, 5,0 2,5 / 39 ( ).
Coryne tubulosa, (18) , 20 . , . 1,0 /. 2,5 / , , . . (. ). 3,0 / , 2 .
, ; Coryne tubulosa, Obelia flexuosa, ?Obelia geniculata ?Obelia loveni, /; 2,5 / (2), 1,0 (3), 0,5 (4), 0,25 / (5)
2. ObeUa ( Thecaphora) . , , , (18) 6 , . (1522 ).
1,0 / , , 1012 (, ). 2 / 2 . 0,5 / Obelia flexuosa Obelia longissim , (, , 5), . loveni (, ), . 0,25 / . loveni , .
, , 1,0 / (18) (. , ), , , (20 ).
3. Dynamena pumila ( Thecaphora). D. pumila , , , .
, , 23 3,0 2,5 / 20 1 /. 6 , , 18 , 2,5 /.
1
(%) Obelia loveni 18 (*) (**)
. 19% 9599,9%. ,
4. . . loveni () (), ( ). , .
, . loveni . ( 1718) . (, 1980) (. 1, ). , 12 , . . , (. 1, ).
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(0,5 /) 1822 , (), . . 2 , , .
2
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. 18 22 . 14,5 .
, . , , , . , . , , , . , . , , .
5. . , : (Kinne, Paffenhofer, 1966; Tusov, Davis, 1971; , 1980), (Crowell, 1953) (Crowell, 1957) , (Wyttenbach, 1974) . . , (. 2).
. loveni, , 22,0. 0,25 /. 18 ( ) 14,5 () 0,5 1,0 / (. 2). .
(Karbe, 1972). Eirene viridula Eschscholtz, 1829, . Campanulinidae, Thecaphora, , 1,53,0 /. (Stebbing, 1976, 1979, 1980b; Stebbing, SantiagoFandino, 1983) . Obelia flexuosa (Hincks, 1861) . Campanulariidae, Thecaphora, , 0,05 /, 0,5 /. , , ( ), , . (0,1 / 0,05 / ) (Stebbing, 1980a, 1981). , , , (Stebbing, 1982). , (Stebbing et al., 1983).
. . , . 1,0 / , . . ( 11 ) , (Stebbing, SantiagoFandino, 1983). , . . , , Obelia loveni 10 / (, , 1987). , (, 1982), , , , , 12 .
. . (Thatcher, 1903; Huxley, DeBeer, 1923) , . . geniculata , , , . , . , .
(Fulton, 1960), , (Crowell, 1953) , , () . , , , .
. , . , .. (, , 1987) , Obelia . lovni. , , , . loveni. , , . , . , , , , . , , (, 1980). , , .
, , , . , , . , . , .
, , , . 20 20 , , . , , 1 . 20 . , , . . 12 , .
2 . , . .
, , . . 1 , ., , , .
. . // . .: , 1980. . 16.
. ., . ? . . . Dynamena pumiia (L.) //. , . . . . 1984. 1. . 102.
. . ., , . Obelia loveni Obelia fls//. . . . 1986. 2. . 230237.
. . ., 11. . //. . . . , 1987, 1, . 7173
. . . .: . , 1980. . 104, 271. . . Dynamena pumiia (L.) //. . 1980. . 255. 1.. 253.
, . . // . .: , 1982. . 7.. 62.
Baier R. W. Wojnowich G., Petrie L. Mercury loss from culture media//Analyt. Chem. 1975. V. 45. P. 2464.
Crowell S. The regressionreplacement cycle of hydranths of Obelia and Campanularia//Physiol. Zool. 1953. V. 26. 4. . 319.
Baier R. W., Wojnowich G., Petrie L. Mercury loss from culture media//Analyt. Chem. 1975. V. 45. P. 2464.
Crowell S. Differential responses of growth zones to nutritive level, age, and temperature in the colonial hydroid Campanularia//J. Expti Zool. 1957. V. 134. P. 63.
Fulton . Culture of a colonial hydroid under controlled conditions//Scicnce. 1960,V. 132. P. 473.
Huxley !. S. DeBeer G. R. Studies in dedifferentiation. IV. Resorption and differential inhibition in Obelia and Campanularia//J. Microscop. Sci. 1923. V. 67. P. 473.
K.arhe L. Marine Hydroiden als Testorganismen zur Prufung der Toxizitat von Abwasserstoffen. Die wirkung von Schwermetallen auf Kolonien von Eirene viridula//Marine Biol. 1972. , 12. 4. S. 316.
Kinne 0., Paffenhoger G. A. Growth and reproduction as a function of temperature and salinity in Clava multicornis (Cnidaria, Hydro2oa)//Helgolander wiss. Meeres. 1966.. 13. 12. S. 62. Stebbing A, R. D. The effect of low metal levels on a clonal hydroid//J. mar. biol. Ass.U. K. 1976. V. 56. P. 977.
Stebbing A. R. D. As experimental approach to the determinants of biological water quality//Phi!os. Trans. Roy. Soc. London. 1979. V. 286. P. 465.
Stebbing A. R. D. Increase in gonozooid frequency and adaptive response to stress in Campanularia flexuosa. In: Developmental and cellular biology of coelenterates/' Eds Tardent P., Tardent R Amsterdam: Elsevier, 1980a. P. 27.
Stebbing A. R. D. The biological measurement of water quality //Rapp. P.v. ReunCons. int. Exolor. Mer. 1980b. V. 179. P. 310.
Sfebbing A. R. D. Hormesisstimulation of colony growth in Campanularia flexuosa' (Hydrozoa) by copper, cadmium and other toxicants//Aquatic Toxicol. 1981. V 1. P. 227.
Stebbing A. R. D. Hormesisthe stimulation oi growth by low levels of inhibitors//Scitotal environment. 1982. V. 22. P. 213.
Stebbing A. R. D., Cleary J. S Brinsley M Goodchild C., Santiago Fandino V. Responses of a hydroid to surface water samples from the river Tamar and Plymouth sound in relation to metal concentration s/'/J. mar. biol. Ass. U. K. 1983. V. 63. 4. . 695.
Sfebbing A. R. D SantiagoFandino V. G. R. The combined and separate effect of copper and cadmium on the growth of Campanularia flexuosa (Hydrozoa) colonies// Aquatic Toxicol. 1983. V. 3. P. 183.
Thuicher H. F. Absorption of the hydranth in hydroid polyps//Biol. Bull. 1903. V. 5. 2. . 295.
Tusov J; Davis L. V. Influence of environmental factors on the growth of Bougainvillia. sp.//Exptl Coelenterate Biol./Eds Lenhoff H. M., Muscatine L., Davis L. V. Honolulu. 1971. P. 54.
Wyttenbach C. R. Cell movements associated with terminal growth in colonial hydroids//Amer. Zool. 1974, V. 14. 2. . 699.
http://soil.msu.ru/
